Narrative Interviews were conducted with 114 Internally Displaced People (IDPs) who settled in Mogadishu (26), Baidoa (26), Bosaaso (27) and Hargeysa (35). Additional interviews with local authorities including members of the district government and municipality, local and international NGOs, active members in the host community including 'gatekeepers' were conducted in Mogadishu (4), Baidoa (4); Bosaaso (4) and Hargeysa (5). This research project addresses the nexus of poverty, environmental sustainability and conflict in Somalia from the perspective of the most vulnerable in-migrants to cities, people who were internally displaced (IDPs). The interplay between violent conflict and droughts is described as one of the main drivers of internal displacement in Somalia, but rapid in-migration to cities further increases pressures on the urban and rural environment. The research focus is on the capacities of IDPs to cope with the effects of violence and displacement and to mitigate vulnerability. The study is conducted in four cities in Southern Somalia (Mogadishu, Baidoa), Puntland (Bosasso) and Somaliland (Hargeisa), which have quite different histories pertaining to in-migration and violence. While IDPs in Hargeysa and Mogadishu have started to gain attention from international organisations, very little is known about IDPs living in secondary or smaller cities such as Bosasso or Baidoa. This project will conduct interviews and compare IDPs perceptions and practices of security on the move and when settling into the city. The concern with IDPs and cities links the project to the emerging global urban agenda and the need to develop new approaches to urban sustainability, democratic governance and livelihood in cities. With the choice to study this from the viewpoints and experiences of IDPs, people who are most vulnerable are placed at the core of the knowledge production. This informs the choice of research methods, which, in addition to narrative interviews, also includes a photo-voice methodology. Photo-voice is a highly innovative research tool that gives 'voice' to people who are usually not heard or silenced. It does not merely rely on verbal capacities, but uses images to communicate peoples' perceptions of securities and insecurities in Somali cities. Selected IDPs will receive cameras and produce photographs illustrating (in-)security and (in-)secure places and experiences

Interviews were conducted with two main groups of informants: Urban IDPs (1) and city authorities, among them gatekeepers, NGOs, and other people relevant to the management of IDPs in the city (2). The selection of informants was guided by three criteria: (1) variation in age and gender; (2) inclusion of at least 2 IDPs in each city that are actively involved in the government of urban settlements; and (3) at least one camp elder in each city sample. Identification of informants was based on information in the field, from e.g. elders and gatekeepers and through snowballing.