IR and sub-mm variability in protostars

We study the relationship between the mid-infrared (mid-IR) and sub-millimetre (sub-mm) variability of deeply embedded protostars using the multi-epoch data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE/NEOWISE) and the ongoing James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) Transient Survey. Our search for signs of stochastic (random) and/or secular (roughly monotonic in time) variability in a sample of 59 young stellar objects (YSOs) revealed that 35 are variable in at least one of the two surveys. This variability is dominated by secular changes. Of those objects with secular variability, 14 objects (22 per cent of the sample) show correlated secular variability over mid-IR and sub-mm wavelengths. Variable accretion is the likely mechanism responsible for this type of variability. Fluxes of YSOs that vary in both wavelengths follow a relation of log_10_F_4.6_(t)={eta}log_10_F_850_(t) between the mid-IR and sub-mm, with {eta}=5.53+/-0.29. This relationship arises from the fact that sub-mm fluxes respond to the dust temperature in the larger envelope whereas the mid-IR emissivity is more directly proportional to the accretion luminosity. The exact scaling relation, however, depends on the structure of the envelope, the importance of viscous heating in the disc, and dust opacity laws.

Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/495/3614/table1 (The 59 sources where JCMT and WISE fluxes likely arise from the same source)

Identifier
Source https://dc.g-vo.org/rr/q/lp/custom/CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/495/3614
Related Identifier https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/495/3614
Related Identifier http://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/495/3614
Metadata Access http://dc.g-vo.org/rr/q/pmh/pubreg.xml?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=oai_b2find&identifier=ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/495/3614
Provenance
Creator Contreras Pena C.; Johnstone D.; Baek G.; Herczeg G.J.; Mairs S.,Scholz A.; Lee J.-E.
Publisher CDS
Publication Year 2023
Rights https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.html
OpenAccess true
Contact CDS support team <cds-question(at)unistra.fr>
Representation
Resource Type Dataset; AstroObjects
Discipline Astrophysics and Astronomy; Interstellar medium; Natural Sciences; Observational Astronomy; Physics; Stellar Astronomy