The Maddison Project Database 2023 release is the latest iteration of the Maddison Project Database (MPD). The dataset incorporates new time series data on GDP per capita and population for 169 countries and aggregate regions from 1 AD up to 2022. The original Maddison methodology has been refined. The data includes information on comparative economic growth and income levels over the very long run. The 2023 version of this database covers 169 countries and the period up to 2022.
When using these data (for whatever purpose), please make the following reference:
MPD version 2023: Bolt, Jutta and Jan Luiten van Zanden (2024). Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update. Journal of Economic Surveys, 1–41. DOI: 10.1111/joes.12618
All original papers must be cited when:
The data is shown in any graphical form
Subsets of the full dataset that include less than a dozen (12) countries are used for statistical analysis or any other purposes
A list of original papers can be found in the source sheet of the database. When neither 1) or 2) apply, then the MPD as a whole should be cited.
More information about this release of the of the Maddison Project Database can be found on the associated page on the website of the Groningen Growth and Development Centre.
