The data set comprised the dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), DOC/TDN and the specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA254) for MOSAiC expedition, and the CDOM parameters (spectral slope S275 295, the absorption coefficient aCDOM(350) and the biological index (BIX), the fluorescence index (FI) and humification index (HIX) ), together with five parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) components for the MOSAiC, N ICE2015 and TA19_4 expeditions. Additionally, the salinity for Lead water samples was also included in this dataset.