This dataset represents LiDAR 3D point clouds with centimetre accuracy. It is a collection of processed point clouds that were collected by a UAV-based laser scanner (YellowScan Mapper+). The region covered is part of the Northern Boreal Forest and the Tundra-Taiga Ecotone (TTE). The aim is to map the forest structure and in particular to segment individual trees. This allows structural and biophysical information to be derived on forest condition, structure, topography, morphology, disturbance (wildfire, thaw slumps, wind events), thermokarst lakeshore interfaces, etc. The fieldwork was planned and carried out by researchers from the Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI). It took place in the peak summer of 2022, from 10 July to 19 August. The study area covers a long bio-climatic gradient from the northern tundra and open forested areas around Inuvik, Northwest Territories, Canada, through the southern Yukon Territory and mountainous terrain across the Mackenzie Mountains and southern Cassiar Mountains, to areas near Fort Nelson, British Columbia, Canada. At 26 sites, we pre-selected locations based on satellite data. At each site, transects at least 50 m wide and 500 m long were flown in a grid of parallel flight lines 20 m apart. At the ground level, one or, in rare cases, multiple 30-metre-diameter plots were inventoried as ground reference data. The recordings were made at an altitude of 70 m above ground liftoff at a speed of 5 m/s, as recommended by the manufacturer. Before each flight, a GPS base station was set up to collect data for later geographic correction. The raw data processing steps involved correcting the flight trajectories in POSPac PP-RTX , flight strip alignment in software YellowScan CloudStation, and colorization with RGB module picture data. The subsequent processing and metadata collection in PC2RCHIVE includes (i) ground classification, (ii) creating Digital Terrain Model (DTM), Digital Surface Model (DSM) and Canopy Height Model (CHM), (iii) tree segmentation, (iv) generating maps and (v) user provided metadata and relevant information from the data processing are summarized in tables. The processing of the resulting point clouds followed methods developed in PC2RCHIVE, a tool to easily standardise the point cloud data products and their metadata.

This work was funded by the Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, for the expedition CA-Land_2022_NWCanada Forest Change Northwest Canada. We also acknowledge funding for our equipment by the project "Potsdamer InnoLab für Arktisforschung" no. F221-08-AWI/001/002 from the Brandenburg Ministry for Science, Research and Culture (MWFK). Additional funding came from the Helmholtz DataHub Information Infrastructure funds within the projects BorFIT and PC2RCHIVE We would like to thank the logistics department of the Alfred Wegener Institute, especially Volkmar Aßmann and Jan Kahl, for their support in realising the fieldwork. During the preparation phase, contacts with several First Nations people in the areas of our planned field work, Canadian agencies and institutes were very helpful. We are particularly grateful to Katherine Wolfenden, Land and Resources Coordinator in Fort Nelson, Christina Martin, Lands & Resources Coordinator for the Gwich'in Tribal Council, and Laura Nerysoo, Teslin Tlingit Renewable Resource Council Coordinator, as well as Andrew Koe, our wildlife monitor from the Gwich'in First Nation, for helping to ensure our safety during our fieldwork in bear country.