This lab study assessed the impact of transparency on the effectiveness and mechanisms of personalized digital “just-in-time” (JIT) nudges for promoting healthier food choices online.
Research Questions:
Does transparency moderate effects of personalized (i.e., user-matched) digital JIT nudges on healthier food choice (i.e., nudge effectiveness and proportion of healthier food purchases)?
To what extent does perceived acceptability, experienced autonomy, and psychological reactance differ between transparent versus non-transparent forms of personalized (i.e., user-matched) and non-personalized (i.e., mismatched) digital JIT nudges?
The study had a fully between-subjects design with Nudge Personalization (Non-personalized versus Personalized) and Nudge Transparency (Non-transparent versus Transparent) as experimental factors. In total, there were 4 treatment arms (P-T-; P+T-; P-T+; P+T+). Participants completed an online grocery shopping task on a mock smartphone retail application (the MAND app), and answered a series of questionnaires (Qualtrics)
Data files
MAND-2_BetweenSubjectsData_200 (SPSS) – cleaned dataset for all participants in all treatment conditions
MAND001-MAND200 (Excel/csv) – raw data files from the MAND app of all participants
The following are raw data files (Excel/csv) from the Qualtrics questionnaires during lab test sessions, grouped per treatment condition:
MAND-2_HealthVerbal_NT
MAND-2_HealthVerbal_T
MAND-2_HealthVisual_NT
MAND-2_HealthVisual_T
MAND-2_PriceVerbal_NT
MAND-2_PriceVerbal_T
MAND-2_PriceVisual_NT
MAND-2_PriceVisual_T
The following is a raw data file (Excel/csv) from the Qualtrics online screening questionnaire
MAND-2_InclusionQ_200
Supplemental material
Boodschappenlijst_1to8: Grocery shopping list versions used during the online grocery shopping task with the MAND app
Debriefing_ENG_Dutch: Debriefing questionnaires (in Dutch and English for reference)
InformedConsent_ENG_Dutch: Informed consent forms (in Dutch and English for reference)
StudyQuestionnaires_Dutch: All study questionnaires used (during the lab test session)
StudyQuestionnaires_ENG: All study questionnaires in English (for reference)
Structure data package
Data files
Data files folder > Cleaned datasets > MAND-2 _BetweenSubjectsData_200
Data files folder > Raw MAND app data files > MAND001-MAND200
Data files folder > Raw Qualtrics data files > Lab test session > MAND-2_HealthVerbal_NT
MAND-2_HealthVerbal_T
MAND-2_HealthVisual_NT
MAND-2_HealthVisual_T
MAND-2_PriceVerbal_NT
MAND-2_PriceVerbal_T
MAND-2_PriceVisual_NT
MAND-2_PriceVisual_T
Data files folder > Raw Qualtrics data files > Online screening session > MAND-2_InclusionQ_200
Supplementary Materials
Supplemental Materials folder > Boodschappenlijst_1to8
Debriefing_ENG_Dutch
InformedConsent_ENG_Dutch
StudyQuestionnaires_Dutch
StudyQuestionnaires_ENG
Ethical clearance: This study was approved by the Ethical Review Board of the Tilburg School of Humanities and Digital Sciences (Tilburg University; file number: REDC 2023.34a).
Preregistration: The hypotheses, study design, and analysis plan were preregistered (https://osf.io/uyzj8)
Production date: Begin date: 01-09-2023 to End date: 31-01-2024
Method: Lab-based experiment, consisting of an online grocery shopping task on a mock smartphone retail application, and a series of questionnaires (Qualtrics)
Universe 200 healthy university students (71% female; MAge = 20.86 years, SD = 2.30) from diverse educational tracks took part in the research. All participants were fluent Dutch speakers and screened on certain eligibility criteria.
See pre-registration for specific inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Country / Nation: The Netherlands.
The spreadsheet files (one-sheet xlsx files) are also present in their preferred file format csv. Preferred formats are file formats of which DANS – based on international agreements – is confident that they will offer the best long-term guarantees in terms of usability, accessibility and sustainability. For more information on preferred file formats, see https://dans.knaw.nl/en/file-formats/.
Data cannot be used for commercial purposes (see license).
