Studying the sword forging techniques, and its evolution with time, is one of the most interesting topics in the analysis of the Japanese blade forging methodology. In that country, the art of weapon-smiting has arrived to produce one of the best examples of carbon steel in the history of blade forging creating the Katana, i.e. the stereotype Japanese sword.The investigation about the evolution of shape and manufacturing techniques of the Japanese swords is a very well established field of study. However, this has been mostly based on standard punctual analytical techniques, like for example metallography.The limit of this field is that it is still lacking an experimental technique allowing to characterize, quantitatively and in a non destructive way, the various phases present in the artifacts like neutron scattering.