Sugar permeability test in urine samples. 16 volunteers received treatments in different orders (Placebo, L. rhamnosus, Yogurt) and urine was collected after 2 and 5 hours. The samples were collected for the INSIDE explorative dietary study. The study was aimed to characterize the impact of fermented food may have on the small intestinal microbiota and systematically. Sucrose and Lactulose content in the urine was measured. Sucrose is hydrolyzed in the duodenum, and is therefore a good marker for gastroduodenal permeability, measured in 0-5h urine. Lactulose can permeate through the paracellular route and rhamnose through the transcellular route in the small intestine. The ratio in 0-5h urine is mainly used for general assessment of the SI permeability.