The parental A. fumigatus A1160 strain was purchased from FGSC (Fungal Genetics Stock Center, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Kansas City). The AfmacA mutant derived from A1160 by replacing the complete AfmacA open reading frame (ORF) with the pyr4 selectable marker was designated AfmacA deletion mutant. Transcriptome analysis was used to show the mRNA expression in the parental A. fumigatus A1160 strain and the AfmacA deletion mutant responding to Cu starvation, respectively