The Mississippi River discharge effectively shaped the dynamics of the Loop Current in the Gulf of Mexico during transient climates and interglacials, and reacted in response to changes in sea level and atmospheric circulation. We here provide proxydata records from piston core M78/1-181-3 PC. The ~12 m-long core was recovered from the Mississippi Alabama shelf very close to and southeast of the recent Mississippi delta (29°00.00'N 88°20.00'W) from 804 m water depth during R/V Meteor Cruise M78/1 in 2009 (doi:10.2312/cr_m78_1). The proxyrecords cover the last ~42 kyrs at centennial resolution. The dataset comprises 5 Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon (14C) ages obtained from sediment core M78/1-181-3, measured by the 'Leibniz-Labor für Altersbestimmung und Isotopenforschung Kiel', https://www.leibniz.uni-kiel.de. The AMS14C ages were measured on samples of mixed planktic calcitic foraminifera. The raw radiocarbon ages were calibrated using the software Calib 6.0 and a constant reservoir age correction of 408 yrs following Nürnberg et al. (2008).