Sanxingdui site is one of the major archaeological achievements in China, and has attracted the attention of the world for the first time to find a large number of precious ivory relics buried thousands of years ago. The ancient ivory of Sanxingdui has been buried underground for thousands of years, and the organic components which play the role of binding phase in the ivory material have been eroded and destroyed. Therefore, it is of great significance to understand the composition of microbes on the surface of ivory, which may reveal the potential harm of microbes to ivory, and carry out long-term effective protection of these precious ancient ivory relics.