Particle fluxes at a sediment trap in the Vazella pourtalesii glass sponge grounds of the Scotian Shelf (2017-2018)

DOI

The Scotian Shelf harbors unique aggregations of the glass sponge Vazella pourtalesii providing an important habitat for benthic and pelagic fauna. Recent studies have shown that these sponge grounds have persisted in the face of strong inter-annual and multi-decadal variability in temperature and salinity. However, little is known of the environmental characteristics on hourly-seasonal time scales. This study presents the first hydrodynamic observations and associated (food) particle supply mechanisms for the Vazella sponge grounds, highlighting the influence of natural variability in environmental conditions on sponge growth and resilience. Near-bottom environmental conditions were characterized by high temporal resolution data collected with a benthic lander, deployed during a period of 10-months in the Sambro Bank Sponge Conservation Area. The lander was equipped with temperature and oxygen sensors, a current meter, a sediment trap and a video camera. In addition, water column profiles of temperature and salinity were recorded along a transect, conducted in a gradient from high to lower sponge presence probability. Over the course of the lander deployment, temperature fluctuated between 8.8-12 °C with an average of 10.6 °C ± 0.4 °C. The water contained on average 6.3 mg l-1 oxygen and near bottom current speed was on average 0.12 m/s, with peaks up to 0.47 m/s. Semi-diurnal tidal flow was observed to result in constant resuspension of particulate matter in the benthic boundary layer. Surface storm events episodically caused extremely turbid conditions on the seafloor that persisted for several days, with particles being resuspended to more than 13 m above the seabed. The carbon flux in the near-bottom sediment trap peaked during storm events and also after a spring bloom in April, when fresh phytodetritus was observed in the bottom boundary layer. While resuspension events can represent a major stressor for sponges, limiting their filtration capability and remobilizing them, episodes of strong currents and lateral particle transport likely play an important role in food supply and the replenishment of nutrients and oxygen. Our results contextualize human-induced threats such as bottom fishing and climate change by providing more knowledge of the natural environmental conditions under which sponge grounds persist.

Identifier
DOI https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.928466
Related Identifier References https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.597682
Metadata Access https://ws.pangaea.de/oai/provider?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=datacite4&identifier=oai:pangaea.de:doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.928466
Provenance
Creator Hanz, Ulrike ORCID logo; Beazley, Lindsay ORCID logo; Kenchington, Ellen L ORCID logo; Duineveld, Gerard C A; Rapp, Hans Tore; Mienis, Furu ORCID logo
Publisher PANGAEA
Publication Year 2021
Funding Reference Horizon 2020 https://doi.org/10.13039/501100007601 Crossref Funder ID 679849 https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/679849 Deep-sea Sponge Grounds Ecosystems of the North Atlantic
Rights Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
OpenAccess true
Representation
Resource Type Dataset
Format text/tab-separated-values
Size 70 data points
Discipline Earth System Research
Spatial Coverage (-63.077 LON, 43.895 LAT); North Atlantic Ocean
Temporal Coverage Begin 2017-09-23T00:00:00Z
Temporal Coverage End 2018-06-22T00:00:00Z