Immune function, height and resource accumulation comprise important life history traits in humans. Resource availability models arising from life history theory suggest that socioeconomic conditions influence immune function, growth and health status. We tested whether there are associations between family income during ontogeny, adult height, cortisol level and immune response in women. Sixty-six young Latvian women from various socioeconomic backgrounds were given a hepatitis B vaccine. Blood samples were subsequently collected to measure the antibodies produced in response to the vaccination. Cortisol levels were measured from plasma samples taken during the first testing session.