The mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria is a commercially important fishery resource widely distributed in the coastal waters of Siberia, Korea, China, Japan, Vietnam, and Australia. In recent year, conservation of the species, and the development of successful artificial breeding technology has received considerable attention. However, no data is available on the molecular mechanisms of reproduction in O. oratoria. In this study, next-generation sequencing technology was performed to develop deep-coverage transcriptome sequencing data for ovary, testis, eyestalk and androgenic gland to open avenues of molecular research on O. oratoria.