Shrimps were collected from three hydrothermal vent fields: TAG and Snake Pit (Mid-Atlantic Ridge) and Kairei (Central Indian Ridge), during several cruises: the HERMINE cruise in 2017 on board RV Pourquoi pas ? (https://doi.org/10.17600 /17000200), the BICOSE 2 cruise in 2018 on board RV Pourquoi Pas ? (https://doi.org/10.17600/18000004), the YK01-15 cruise in 2002, the YK09-13 cruise in 2009 and the YK16-E02 cruise in 2016, all three on board RV Yokosuka (Jamstec). Size and sex of 4736 adult individuals belonging to Rimicaris exoculata (3793), Rimicaris chacei (147) and Rimicaris kairei (796) were determined. Reproductive characteristics including fecundity, egg developmental stage and egg size were analysed in 263 brooding females from the dataset. In addition, eggs of 60 R. exoculata brooding females from TAG and Snake Pit collected in 2014 during the BICOSE cruise (https://doi.org/10.17600/14000100), with sizes measured by Ivan Hernandez-Avila (available here: https://doi.org/10.17882/84112), were re-measured by P. Methou who produced this dataset for comparison with brooding R. exoculata collected in 2017 and 2018. New egg measurements of these 60 females are included here. Samples were preserved in ethanol or in formalin (followed by water washing and storage in ethanol) on board, then brought back to the laboratory for processing. They were analysed at the LEP (Laboratoire Environnement Profond, Ifremer, Centre de Bretagne, France; https://wwz.ifremer.fr/deep_eng/), as well as at the X-STAR Institute (Jamstec, Japan; https://www.jamstec.go.jp/xstar/e/). Results of the analysis of the dataset are available on BioRxiv: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.09.10.456763, and are under review for Ecology & Evolution. The dataset consists of two files: one containing the data itself, and one describing all used terms (measurements or metadata).