In the present study, we determine transcriptome changes that occur in response different salinity gradients in the muscle of O. oratoria using an Illumina platform. The aim of this study is to identify some important genes and pathways are likely to associate to osmoregulation of O. oratoria. On the basis of the transcriptomic analysis, these results can enhance our understanding of how crustacean responds to salinity fluctuation in the further.