Pathogenesis and immune responses are very complex, multi-component processes. Understanding these processes' molecular mechanisms is essential for their regulation and the development of new therapies. Our Life Sciences Block Allocation Group (BAG) for synchrotron research at the ESRF includes groups from Georg-August University of Göttingen (Germany), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Structural Biology (Germany), Rudolf Virchow Center for Biomedical Research (Germany), University of Bielefeld (Germany), Bonn Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences (Germany), Hannover Medical School (Germany) and University of the Western Cape (South Africa). Our BAG research focuses on the structural, mechanistic, and functional studies of a broad range of medically relevant biological systems, aiming to develop new therapies for emerging infections, antimicrobial resistance, chronic inflammatory conditions, and oncogenesis.