There is still a lack of understanding of H2S formation in agricultural waste, which leads to a poor odor prevention and control. Microbial sulfate reduction is a major process contributing to sulfide formation in natural and technogenic environments with high sulfate and low oxygen concentration. Agricultural waste can be considered as a low-sulfate system with no obvious input of oxidized sulfur compounds. This study was aimed to understand diversity and activity of SRB in swine wastes produced by a large-scale swine finishing facility "Tomskii" with a capacity of 176 000 hogs a year and located in the close vicinity of Tomsk, the capital city of the Tomsk region in Western Siberia, Russia.