Earth's climate has undergone different intervals of gradual change as well as abrupt shifts between climate states. Here we aim to characterize the corresponding changes in climate response to astronomical forcing in the icehouse portion of the Cenozoic, from the latest Eocene to the present. As a tool, we use a 35-m.y.-long d18Obenthic record compiled from different high-resolution benthic isotope records spliced together (what we refer to as a megasplice).We analyze the climate response to astronomical forcing during four 800-k.y.- long time windows. During the mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum (ca. 15.5 Ma), global climate variability was mainly dependent on Southern Hemisphere summer insolation, ampli ed by a dynamic Antarctic ice sheet; 2.5 m.y. later, relatively warm global climate states occurred during maxima in both Southern Hemisphere and Northern Hemisphere summer insolation. At that point, the Antarctic ice sheet grew too big to pulse on the beat of precession, and the Southern Hemisphere lost its overwhelming in uence on the global climate state. Likewise, we juxtapose response regimes of the Miocene (ca. 19 Ma) and Oligocene (ca. 25.5 Ma) warming periods. Despite the similarity in d18Obenthic values and variability, we nd different responses to precession forcing. While Miocene warmth occurs during summer insolation maxima in both hemispheres, Oligocene global warmth is consistently triggered when Earth reaches perihelion in the Northern Hemisphere summer. This pattern is in accordance with previously published paleoclimate modeling results, and suggests an amplifying role for Northern Hemisphere sea ice.

We construct a 35 Myr-long d18Obenthic megasplice, a record that consists of different high-resolution benthic isotope records 'spliced' together. In contrast to existing compilations and stacks that respectively mix and average time-equivalent data across sites, the megasplice consists of data from a single site at any point in time, allowing analyses that require a high-resolution record at astronomical resolution.EarthSequencing (ERC Consolidator Grant to Heiko Pälike) (https://paloz.marum.de/confluence/display/ESPUBLIC).

Supplement to: De Vleeschouwer, David; Vahlenkamp, Maximilian; Crucifix, M; Pälike, Heiko (2017): Alternating Southern and Northern Hemisphere climate response to astronomical forcing during the past 35 m.y. Geology, 45(4), 375-378