This data set contains the unsaturation ratio of C37 alkenones and the alkenone-derived sea surface temperature reconstructions of sediment core GeoTü SL167. The measurements of the alkenones were carried out using a Thermo Scientific Trace 1310 GC-FID. The unsaturation ratio of C37 alkenones were converted into sea surface temperatures using a regional core top calibration of Indian Ocean sediments by Sonzogni et al. (1997). Gravity core GeoTü SL167, was retrieved at station no. 960 during R.V. METEOR cruise M74/1b in 2007 (Bohrmann et al., 2010) from the northwestern Arabian Sea off Oman, at 22°37.2'N, 59°41.5'E, 774 m water depth, core recovery 7.39 m. The sediment core was retrieved for the reconstruction of circulation and productivity changes in the northwestern Arabian Sea during the late Quaternary with particular focus on changes in the Indian monsoon system.