The dataset contains bird bone identifications by Freydis Ehrlich, Eve Rannamäe and Teresa Tomek from 2009-2018. The bird bones come from 35 archaeological excavations conducted in the town of Viljandi in 1987-2014. The material is dated from the 10th to 18th centuries; more information about the time periods can be found in the paper published based on this dataset. A paper has been published based on this dataset: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2020.07.018. When using this dataset, please cite as follows: Ehrlich, F., Rannamäe, E., Tomek, T. 2020. Bird bones from archaeological excavations in Viljandi, Estonia, from 1987 to 2014. UT DataDOI online repository. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.23673/re-317