This continuation proposal for the Israeli Cryo-EM SPR BAG 09/2024 at the ESRF seeks to advance our understanding of biological processes and develop new therapeutic strategies through diverse research projects in molecular virology, microbiology, cell biology, neurodegeneration, cellular energetics, and protein translation. Key objectives include investigating post-transcriptional modifications in extremophiles’ ribosomal RNA to understand specialization under extreme conditions, elucidating the 3D architecture of Asgard archaea ESCRT-III proteins to provide insights into cellular membrane remodeling, and studying the Lassa virus spike complex's conformational changes for antiviral therapy development. Additionally, the proposal aims to understand cyanobacterial PSI antenna's structural features for light-harvesting system enhancements, reveal photosynthetic membrane complexes' structures to improve biomass production, study ribosomal mutations in diseases like Diamond Blackfan Anemi.