This research seeks to critically analyse the ways in which efforts to control the movement of people across borders are becoming increasingly entangled with efforts to control the movement of objects across those same borders, and the ethical implications of this entanglement. More specifically the project aims to explore the extent to which current efforts to control mobility result in security practices and policies that treat people purely as objects, rather than as rights-bearing subjects. In carrying out this research we carried out interviews of senior staff members at one border site in the UK (combined into one transcript) and at one other site in a different EU country (combined into one transcipt). We also carried out one interview with a representative of the EU Fundamental Rights Agengy and one interview with a representative of Frontex. One of the conditions for carrying out this work was that the sites involved were not identified, and so these are distinguished purely as UK or EU (with no further identifying details).This research seeks to critically analyse the ways in which efforts to control the movement of people across borders are becoming increasingly entangled with efforts to control the movement of objects across those same borders, and the ethical implications of this entanglement. More specifically the project aims to explore the extent to which current efforts to control mobility result in security practices and policies that treat people purely as objects, rather than as rights-bearing subjects. By paying particular attention to the moral risks embedded in controlling the movement of people and objects, this research aims to provide a strong empirical foundation for the development of rigorous ethical assessments of state border security practices and governance. Our research therefore aims to identify the ethical trade-offs between state protection and security on the one hand, and the treatment of people as rights-bearing individuals on the other. Exploring this tension will offer insight into how legitimate the legal, political and ethical norms governing mobility are and whether the security practices at borders are appropriate, proportionate and effective. These objectives will be realized using a combination of methods. These include: discourse analysis of key documents; ethnographic observations at airports and ports; and semi-structured interviews with managers and front line workers at the border sites. This research will be carried out in a way that is collaborative and inter-disciplinary, bringing together researchers with expertise in Philosophy, Law, Governance, Security and International Relations. Whilst the field research will be carried out by particular teams of researchers according to their specific expertise and experience, the analysis of the documentary and ethnographic material will be undertaken collectively in order to capitalize on our interdisciplinary expertise. In this way the project brings together insights from different disciplines in the humanities and social sciences in order to address an issue that is relevant to each of them. The project will further academic debates about the contested relationship between security and ethics by carrying out detailed, empirically informed work on how governance structures and security practices at the border either facilitate or prevent the treatment of people purely as objects. In order to develop these debates the project includes an academic workshop part way through the project. A number of academic articles in leading international journals will be produced, with an emphasis on co-authored collaboration and cross-disciplinary impact In addition to contributing to these academic debates a central objective of the project is to begin a conversation with end-users about (a) how to identify situations in which humans are more likely to be treated purely as objects at border sites; and (b) how to decrease the objectification of human subjects during border processing activities. To ensure this impact the project will hold an end-users workshop at the end of the project in order to disseminate and discuss our findings. This workshop will be supported by a stakeholder report aimed at the three distinct communities that will be impacted by the project. These are: policy-makers responsible for UK border management, practitioners working at UK border sites, and advocacy groups working on behalf of migrants.

Interviews were carried out with senior staff involved in the management of borders at airports in both the UK and in another EU country (one of the conditons for doing this was that the location was not identified and identifying the country would do this). These were chosen as being significant entry points into the country for both passengers and cargo. This was to allow a comparison of operations in different countries. Interviews were also carried out with staff members at Frontex and the Fundamental Rights Agency. The focus of these interviews was on the ways in which rights are incoporated into border management with the EU.