Permanent plots were established in 1996. A total of 40 permanent plots were established on moraines ice-free for 35 and 50 years on vegetated and bare-ground areas. Half of them were treated with a seed mixture in 1996 and 1997. The vegetation was mapped and coverage was estimated in permanentplots in 1996 and from 2002-2014. Records were made by splitting the 25x25 cm plots in 5x5 cm segments (=subplots). Vegetation coverage was estimated by subplots and then summed up to the plot size of 25x25 cm.

Plot description: 1v71 - 5v71: Plots with vegetation on glacier foreland moraine 1971 1vs71 - 5vs71: Plots with vegetation on glacier foreland moraine 1971 and sowing in 1996 and 1997 1b71 - 5b71: Plots without vegetation (bare ground) on glacier foreland moraine 1971 1bs71 - 5bs71: Plots without vegetation (bare ground) on glacier foreland moraine 1971 and sowing in 1996 and 1997 1v56 - 5v56: Plots with vegetation on glacier foreland moraine 1956 1vs56 - 5vs56: Plots with vegetation on glacier foreland moraine 1956 and sowing in 1996 and 1997 1b56 - 5b56: Plots without vegetation (bare ground) on glacier foreland moraine 1956 1bs56 - 5bs56: Plots without vegetation (bare ground) on glacier foreland moraine 1956 and sowing in 1996 and 1997