The proxy data reported here are measured from a sediment core collected from Lake Sardarya (28° 38' 03" N, 61° 00' 44" E, 2675 m a.s.l.) situated on the western slope of Taftan volcano, southeastern Iran. The core is 550 cm long and was collected in May 2017. For X-ray diffraction (XRD) mineralogy, samples were dried at 50 °C for 48 hours. The dried samples were ground and mixed thoroughly using mortar and pestle. XRD analyses were carried out using a Philips X'Pert Pro multipurpose diffractometer equipped with a Cu-tube (kα 1.541 Angström (Ǻ), 45 kV, 40 mA), a fixed divergence slit of ¼°, a 16 sample changer, a secondary nickel (Ni) filter, and the X'Celerator detector system at the Crystallography and Geomaterials group, Dept.of Geosciences, University of Bremen.

XRD mineralogy: 21 samples, analysed at the Crystallography and Geomaterials group, Dept. of Geosciences, University of Bremen (19.10.2017)