This dataset describes the microbial community compostion of two organic horizons from temperate beech forest (Germany). A three-months laboratory incubation experiment with litter addition was set up to assess how P derived from beech litter changed the structure of total microbial community. Molecular fingerprint (Terminal Restriction Lenght Polymorphism - T-RFLP) analyses were conducted to explore the structure of the bacterial and the fungal community. More details can be found in the "information" sheet in the dataset.