The data set comprises concentrations of dissolved N2O from seawater samples collected during the 36th Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition (36th CHINARE). The 36th CHINARE took place onboard the research vessel/icebreaker Xuelong 2 between the 3rd and 31st of January 2020 and focused on physical and biogeochemical surveys of the Ross Sea (Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean). Samples were collected by drawing water from 10 L Niskin bottles (installed on a standard CTD-Rosette) into brown borosilicate 20 mL vials, which were then sealed with rubber (butyl) stoppers and aluminium caps. Immediately after collection, samples were preserved by adding 0.05 mL of a saturated mercuric chloride solution. Samples were analyzed by means of a standard headspace method coupled to gas chromatography/electron capture detection. Details on the measurement equipment and data analysis can be found in Kock et al. (2016; see: www.biogeosciences.net/13/827/2016/).