Here, we compile an extensive global surface sediment dataset of OH-isoGDGTs as well as regular isoprenoid GDGTs (isoGDGTs), with both data generated at NIOZ and previously published data from other laboratories. We explore recently developed temperature proxies based on hydroxylated isoprenoid Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraethers (OH-isoGDGTs), such as %OH, RI-OH, RI-OH' and OHC for their potential for reconstructing past temperature changes. The data contains contains temperature records based on TEX86, TEX86OH, %OH, RI-OH, RI-OH', OHC from sediment core Co1010 which was retrived from the Prydez Bay. This dataset is related to the study 'Evaluating isoprenoidal hydroxylated GDGT-based temperature proxies in surface sediments from the global ocean'.