This data set includes meteorological and soil temperature data obtained from two study areas in Eastern Siberia. The first study area is located at Lake Illirney in Chukotka, on a plateau above the treeline. The study site is located in a high-latitude boreal forest zone with alpine tundra above the treeline where the automatic weather station (AWS) is located. The annual average temperature is below zero degrees and results in continuous permafrost. One stand-alone Hobo logger for soil temperature measurements was installed in the soil pit next to the AWS. A second one at the subsite in a sparse larch-dominated forest with an average larch tree height of 12.5 m and 1 % cover of Salix shrubs with an average height of 0.9 m.The second study area is located in a typical boreal forest zone intermixed with some grassland for cattle grazing and shallow lakes. These boreal forest environments experience 6 to 8 months of freezing temperatures reaching extremes of -62 °C in winter and up to 35 °C between May and September. The annual average temperature is below zero degrees and results in continuous permafrost. The AWS is installed on a meadow surrounded by mixed boreal forest. The grassland is grazed by horses in summer and deforestation occurred more than 50 years ago. In addition, one stand-alone hobo logger was installed in the soil pit next to the AWS. In the forest, south of the AWS, a standalone Hobo logger was installed to record a vertical temperature profile. The forest is rather dense and mixed, with deciduous Larix gmelinii and evergreen Picea obovata. The average tree height is 12 m for larch and 5.5 m for spruce.